Test page: Catalogues Information

The following catalogues are available through ESASky:

The following catalogues are also available through the Legacy ESASky TAP:

Below is a brief description of the content of the catalogues. Please note that some catalogues may display rounded or truncated values in ESASky; however, all the original digits are kept when the catalogue tables are downloaded or loaded into a VO application through SAMP.

The catalogue functionality has some known caveats, described here.

 

ASTROMETRIC CATALOGUES

 

GAIA DATA RELEASE 3 (DR3)

  • Release: 3.0 (2022)
  • Date of observations: From 25 July 2014 (10:30 UTC) to 28 May 2017 (08:44 UTC)
  • Source: ESA
  • Reference: Gaia Collaboration, Vallenari, A., et al. 2023 (arXiv) (ADS)
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-qa4lep

The Gaia DR3 main source catalogue provides positions, parallaxes and proper motions for more than 1.46 billion (1.468 x 109) sources, between G-magnitudes of about 3 and 21. The astrometric solution is accompanied with some quality indicators, like RUWE, and source image descriptors. Additionally, G magnitudes for around 1.806 billion sources (with the known issue present in EDR3 corrected in Gaia DR3), and GBP and GRP magnitudes for around 1.54 billion and 1.55 billion sources, respectively are also provided. Parallax uncertainties span between 0.02 mas for G<15 mag and 1.3 mas at G=21 mag. Proper motion uncertainties range from 0.02 mas/yr for G<15 mag to 1.4 mas/yr for G=21 mag.   

ESASky displays the Gaia DR3 main source catalogue (called gaia_source in the Gaia archive). For a complete description of the Gaia DR3 data release, please refer to the Gaia content and documentation pages. An overview can also be found in this page. The following provides a summary of the main source catalogue contents:

  • The full astrometric solution (5 parameters) - positions on the sky (α, δ), parallaxes, and proper motions - for around 1.468 billion (1.468 109) sources, with a limiting magnitude of about G ≈ 21 and a bright limit of about G ≈ 3. The astrometric solution is accompanied with some quality indicators, like RUWE, and source image descriptors.
  • In addition, two-parameters solutions - positions on the sky (α, δ) - for around 344 million additional sources.
  • G magnitudes for around 1.806 billion sources (with the known issue present in EDR3 corrected in Gaia DR3).
  • GBP and GRP magnitudes for around 1.54 billion and 1.55 billion sources, respectively.
  • Please be aware that the photometric system for the G, GBP, and GRP bands in Gaia (E)DR3 is different from the photometric system as used in Gaia DR2 and Gaia DR1.
  • See the DR3 documentation for a full description of all columns in gaia_source. 

 

ESASky displays the following default columns from the Gaia DR3 catalogue (note: more columns are available via the settings button or by right clicking in the ESASky data panel):

Gaia DR3 catalogue default columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units        Description
Designation - Unique source designation (unique across all Data Releases)
RA  degrees      Right ascension of source (J2016.0) 
Dec  degrees Declination of source (J2016.0)
Parallax mas Parallax of source
Parallax Error mas Parallax error of source
Proper motion in RA mas/yr Proper motion of source in the right ascension direction * COS(declination)
PM in RA Error mas/yr Proper motion error of source in the right ascension direction * COS(declination)
Proper motion in DEC  mas/yr Proper motion of source in the declination direction
PM in DEC Error mas/yr Proper motion error of source in the declination direction
G magnitude mag Gaia mean G-magnitude (column also called phot_g_mean_mag)
Integrated GBP mean mag mag Integrated GBP mean magnitude (column also called phot_bp_mean_mag)
Integrated GRP mean mag mag Integrated GRP mean magnitude (column also called phot_rp_mean_mag)
GBP-GRP colour mag Gaia mean GBP-GRP colour
GBP-G colour mag Gaia mean GBP-G colour
G-GRP colour mag Gaia mean G-GRP colour
Radial velocity km/s Radial velocity of source
Radial velocity error km/s Radial velocity error
RUWE - Renormalised unit weight error (RUWE)
Photometric Variability Flag - Flag indicating if variability was identified in the photometric data: 'NOT_AVAILABLE': source not processed and/or exported to catalogue; 'CONSTANT': Source not identified as variable; 'VARIABLE': source identified and processed as variable.
Non-Single Star Flag - Flag indicating the availability of additional information in the various Non-Single Star tables.
Has Continuous BP/RP Spectrum - Flag indicating the availability of a mean BP/RP spectrum in continuous representation for this source.
Has Sampled BP/RP Spectrum - Flag indicating the availability of a mean BP/RP spectrum in sampled form for this source.
Has RVS Spectrum -

Flag indicating the availability of a mean RVS spectrum for this source. 
Has Epoch Photometry -

Flag indicating the availability of epoch photometry for this source. Epoch photometry always contains G band integrated photometry, together with BP and/or RP integrated photometry when available.
Has GSP-Phot MCMC samples - Flag indicating the availability of GSP-Phot (General Stellar Parametrizer from Photometry) Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) samples for this source. 
Has MSC MCMC samples - Flag indicating the availability of Multiple Star Classifier (MSC) Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) samples for this source. 
Effective temperature K Effective temperature (assuming source is a single star) inferred by GSP-Phot Aeneas from BP/RP spectra, apparent G magnitude and parallax.
Surface gravity log(cm·s-2)  

Surface gravity (assuming source is a single star) inferred by GSP-Phot Aeneas from BP/RP spectra, apparent G magnitude and parallax.
Iron Abundance dex Decimal logarithm of the ratio of the number abundance of iron to the number abundance of hydrogen relative to the same ratio of solar abundances inferred by GSP-Phot Aeneas from BP/RP spectra, apparent G magnitude and parallax, assuming source is a single star.
Distance pc Distance (assuming source is a single star) inferred by GSP-Phot Aeneas from BP/RP spectra, apparent G magnitude and parallax.
Extinction, A0 at 547.7nm mag Monochromatic extinction A0 at 547.7 nm (assuming source is a single star) inferred by GSP-Phot Aeneas from BP/RP spectra, apparent G magnitude and parallax. 
Extinction in G band mag Broadband extinction in G band (assuming source is a single star) inferred by GSP-Phot Aeneas from BP/RP spectra, apparent G magnitude and parallax. 
Reddening E(GBP - GRP) mag Reddening E(GBP - GRP) (assuming source is a single star) inferred by GSP-Phot Aeneas from BP/RP spectra, apparent G magnitude and parallax. 

 

 

GAIA FPR: Crowded Field Source catalogue

The Gaia Focused Product Release (FPR) Crowded Field Source catalogue consists of astrometry and photometry from engineering images taken in the Omega Centauri region. The sources are based on Service Interface Function (SIF) images of very dense regions in the sky. These sources build an add-on catalogue to the nominal Gaia catalogue. Nominal and SIF detections were not mixed to create these sources. These sources are thus obtained from SIF image detections only. Sources already present in the nominal catalogue were removed from the SIF add-on catalogue. The catalogue contains positions, parallaxes and proper motions for 526,457 new Gaia sources as derived from the SIF images (with 130 additional sources with positions only), and photometric information (mean G magnitude and flux) for these same 526,587 sources as derived from the SIF images.

Summary:
Period of observations? 66 months of data
Complementary to Gaia DR3? Yes
Reference epoch? 2017.5
Gaia DR3 crossmatches applicable? No, this is fully new data
Gaia DR3 passbands applicable? Yes, Gaia DR3 G-band only
Defined in the Gaia-CRF3 frame? Yes
Gaia designation Gaia FPR yyyy

 

ESASky displays the Gaia FPR Crowded Field Source catalogue (called crowded_field_source in the Gaia archive). For a complete description of the Gaia FPR data release, please refer to the Gaia content and documentation pages. An overview can also be found in this page.

 

ESASky displays the following default columns from the Gaia FPR catalogue (note: more columns are available via the settings button or by right clicking in the ESASky data panel):

Gaia FPR catalogue default columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units        Description
Designation - Unique Source designation 
Source ID - Unique Source identifier
RA  degrees      Right ascension of source (J2017.5) 
Dec  degrees Declination of source (J2017.5)
Parallax mas Parallax of source
Parallax Error mas Parallax error of source
Proper motion in RA mas/yr Proper motion of source in the right ascension direction * COS(declination)
PM in RA Error mas/yr Proper motion error of source in the right ascension direction * COS(declination)
Proper motion in DEC  mas/yr Proper motion of source in the declination direction
PM in DEC Error mas/yr Proper motion error of source in the declination direction
G magnitude mag Gaia mean G-magnitude (column also called phot_g_mean_mag)

 

 

HIPPARCOS-2 CATALOGUE

​The Hipparcos-2 Catalogue is a new reduction of the data from the Hipparcos mission that improved up to a factor of 4 the accuracy of stars with Hp magnitude 8 or lower. It contains positions, parallaxes and proper motions for 118,218 stars. For more information on this catalogue, go to this page or to Vizier.

ESASky displays the following columns from the Hipparcos-2 catalogue:

Hipparcos-2 catalogue columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Source name
Right Ascension  hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Parallax mas Parallax of source
Delta Parallax mas Formal error on parallax
Proper motion in RA mas/yr Proper motion of source in the right ascension direction * COS(declination)
Delta Proper motion in RA mas/yr Statistical error of proper motion in RA*cos(Dec)
Proper motion in DEC  mas/yr Proper motion of source in the declination direction
Delta Proper motion in DE mas/yr Statistical error of proper motion in Dec
Magnitude mag Hipparcos magnitude
Delta Magnitude mag Error on mean Hipparcos magnitude
B - V colour mag Colour index
V - I colour mag V - I Colour index

 

 

TYCHO-2 CATALOGUE

​The Tycho-2 Catalogue is an astrometric reference catalogue containing positions, proper motions and two-colour photometry (BT and VT) for the 2.5 million brightest stars in the sky. The catalogue is based on observations made using the Hipparcos satellite star mapper and is constructed using the same observations that were used to create the original Tycho catalogue. Improved reduction techniques have resulted in a catalogue with significantly more entries and in improved precision. More information on the Tycho-2 catalogue can be found here and in Vizier.

ESASky displays the following columns from the Tycho-2 catalogue:

Tycho-2 catalogue columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Source name
Right Ascension  hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Proper motion in RA mas/yr Proper motion of source in the right ascension direction * COS(declination)
Delta Proper motion in RA mas/yr Statistical error of proper motion in RA*cos(Dec)
Proper motion in DEC  mas/yr Proper motion of source in the declination direction
Delta Proper motion in DE mas/yr Statistical error of proper motion in Dec
BT magnitude mag Tycho-2 B magnitude
Delta BT magnitude mag Statistical error of BT
VT magnitude mag Tycho-2 V magnitude
Delta VT magnitude mag Statistical error of VT
Hip - Hipparcos number

 

 

FOURTH INTEGRAL IBIS/IGRI SOFT GAMMA-RAY SOURCE catalog

The IBIS/ISGRI Soft Gamma-Ray Source Catalog is an all-sky catalog based on INTEGRAL-IBIS observations performed during the first 1000 orbits of the satellite. The catalogue was released in 2009 and updated in 2016. It is constructed from all public good-quality data available from the mission launch in 2002 up to the end of 2010, and it includes 939 sources significantly detected in the 17-100 keV energy band, of which 120 are previously undiscovered soft gamma-ray emitters. For more information on this catalogue, read the above references, or go to Vizier.

ESASky displays the following columns of this catalogue:

IBIS/ISGRI Catalogue columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Source name
Right ascension     hh mm ss.ss   Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Flux20-40 keV mCrab Flux in the 20-40 keV band
Flux40-100 keV mCrab Flux in the 40-100 keV band
Type - Object type
Significance - Maximum significance in a single map
Exposure ksec Exposure time 

 

 

FERMI CATALOGUES

The following catalogues from the Fermi mission are included in ESASky: 4FGL-DR2, 3FHL, 4LAC-DR2.

 

fermi large area telescope FOURTH SOURCE CATALOG - DATA RELEASE 2 (4FGL-DR2)

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope  was launched in June 2008 and surveys the entire sky every day. The Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog (4FGL-DR2) presents 5,064 sources in the 50 MeV-1 TeV energy range. For more information go to the paper above or visit the Fermi-LAT webpage.

THIRD FERMI-LAT CATALOG OF HIGH-ENERGY SOURCES (3FHL)

The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources (3FHL) reports the locations and spectra of sources significantly detected in the 10 GeV – 2 TeV energy range during the first 7 years of the Fermi mission using the Pass 8 event-level analysis. It contains 1556 objects characterized in the 10 GeV - 2 TeV energy range. For more information go to the paper above or visit the Fermi-LAT webpage.

Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei detected by the LAT - data release 2 (4lac-dr2)

The fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) contains 2863 objects located at high Galactic latitudes derived from the 4FGL catalog.

 

xmm-newton catalogues

The following catalogues from the XMM-Newton mission are included in ESASky: 4XMM-DR13, 4XMM-DR13s, XMMSL2, XMM-SUSS5.0.

 

THE XMM-NEWTON EPIC SERENDIPITOUS SOURCE CATALOGUE (4XMM-DR13)

The 4XMM-DR13 catalogue contains source detections drawn from 13,243 XMM-Newton EPIC observations, covering an energy interval from 0.2 keV to 12 keV. These observations were made between 2000 February 3 and 2022 December 31 and all datasets were publicly available by 2022 December 31, but not all public observations are included in this catalogue (see here for more information). Presently, only sources with QUALITY flag equals 0 or 1 (sources "good" or "with suspect parameters") are displayed in ESASky.

4XMM-DR13 characteristics
Number of observations 13,243
Number of 'clean' observations 10,895
Sky coverage 1328 sq.deg
Number of detections 983,948
Number of 'clean' detections (quality flag < 3) 854,095
Number of unique sources 656,997
Number of 'cleanest' extended detections (quality flag = 0, not in high background fields) 20,971
Number of detections with spectra 353,821
Number of detections with time series 353,538
Number of detections with probable constant time series (P <  1  × 10-5) 8,029

 

ESASky displays the following columns of the 4XMM-DR13 catalogue by default:

4XMM-DR13 default columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
RA  hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Dec dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Flux erg·cm-2·s-1 Mean EPIC total flux in the 0.2-12.0 keV band
Flux Error erg·cm-2·s-1 EPIC Flux error in the 0.2-12.0 keV band
Flux0.5-1keV erg·cm-2·s-1 EPIC Flux in the 0.5-1.0 keV band
Flux Error0.5-1keV erg·cm-2·s-1 Error on the EPIC flux in the 0.5-1.0 keV band
Flux1-2keV erg·cm-2·s-1 EPIC flux in the 1.0-2.0 keV band
Flux Error1-2keV erg·cm-2·s-1 Error on the EPIC flux in the 1.0-2.0 keV band
Flux2-4.5keV erg·cm-2·s-1 EPIC flux in the 2.0-4.5 keV band
Flux Error2-4.5keV erg·cm-2·s-1 Error on the EPIC flux in the 2.0-4.5 keV band
Flux4.5-12keV erg·cm-2·s-1 EPIC flux in the 4.5-12.0 keV band
Flux Error4.5-12keV erg·cm-2·s-1 Error on the EPIC flux in the 4.5-12.0 keV band
Start Time MJD Mean total flux

 

 

The XMM-newton catalogue of serendipitious sources from stacked observations (4xmm-DR13s)

The stacked catalogue 4XMM-DR13s has been compiled from 1,688 groups of 9,796 overlapping good-quality XMM-Newton observations. They were selected from the public observations taken between 2000 February 1 and 2022 November 29 and overlap by at least one arcminute in radius and are not affected by very high background emission. The catalogue contains 401,596 unique sources, 310,478 of them multiply observed, with positions and source parameters like fluxes in the XMM-Newton standard energy bands, hardness ratios, quality estimate, and information on inter-observation variability. For more details, go to the paper above or to this page.

4XMM-DR13s characteristics
Number of stacks 1,688
Number of observations 9,688
Approximated sky coverage 650 sq.deg
Approximated multiply observed sky area 420 sq.deg
Number of sources 401,596
Number of sources with several contributing observations 310,478


ESASky displays the following columns of the 4XMM-DR13s catalogue by default:

4XMM-DR13s default columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
IAU Name -  IAU name of source
RA hh mm ss.ss Right ascension of source (J2000)
Dec dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Flux erg·cm-2·s-1 EPIC flux in the 0.2-12.0 keV band
Flux Error erg·cm-2·s-1 1-sigma Error on EPIC flux in the 0.2-12.0 keV band
N. Contrib. - Number of observations in which the source was fitted
N. Obs. - Number of observations involved in the stack
Start time MJD Date of the start of the observation
EP Ontime s Total good exposure time at the central position of the source
Extent arcsec Source extent radius
Extent err arcsec Error in the source extent radius
Flux var. - Largest difference between fluxes (in terms of sigma)

 

 

the XMM-Newton SLEW CATALOGue 2.0

​XMMSL2 is the second catalogue of X-ray sources found in slew data taken from the European Space Agency's (ESA) XMM-Newton observatory, and has been constructed by members of the XMM SOC and the EPIC consortium on behalf of ESA. This release uses results of work which has been carried out within the framework of the EXTraS project ("Exploring the X-ray variable and Transient Sky"), funded from the EU's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no.607452. 

XMMSL2 has been generated from 2,114 slews, executed between 2001-08-26 and 2014-12-31, revolutions 314 to 2,758. Not all slews made in this period have been used; slews with particularly high background throughout the slew or which gave processing problems have been rejected. A description of slew selection and initial processing is given here. The slews have been processed separately in three energy bands to form three distinct surveys which have been subsequently combined to form one catalogue. After correcting for overlaps between slews, 84% of the sky has now been covered.

The release includes two FITS files. A full catalogue (xmmsl2_total.fits.gz), containing 72,352 detections found with a likelihood of DET_ML>8 and a "clean" catalogue (xmmsl2_clean.fits.gz) where all known bad sources have been removed and where the detection limit has been raised to DET_ML>10.5 in general and DET_ML>15.5 for sources found in images with a higher than usual background. Efforts have been made to identify spurious detections and 3,017 have been flagged as such in the full catalogue

The default columns from this catalogue displayed in ESASky are the following:

XMMSL2 default columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
Right ascension   hh mm ss.ss Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Flux (0.2-12kev) erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the 0.2-12 keV band
Flux Error (0.2-12kev) erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux error in the 0.2-12 keV band
Flux (2-12kev) erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the 2-12 keV band
Flux Error (2-12kev) erg·cm-2·s-1​ Fluxerror in the 2-12 keV band
Flux (0.2-2kev) erg·cm-2·s-1this​ Flux in the 0.2-2 keV band
Flux Error (0.2-2kev) erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux error in the 0.2-2 keV band

 

 

The XMM-OM serendipitous ultraviolet source survey CATALOGUE (XMM-suss6.1)

The SUSS6.1 catalogue is a catalogue of sources serendipitously detected by the Optical Monitor (OM) on board the XMM-Newton observatory. It provides source positions, magnitudes and fluxes in six broad-band ultraviolet and optical filters for more than 6.6 million sources, as well as profile diagnostics and variability statistics. 

SUSS6.1 characteristics
Number of observations 12,057
Number of entries 9,920,390
Number of unique sources 6,659,554
Number of sources with repeated observations 1,225,117

 

The data processing was performed at the European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC, Madrid, Spain) using the XMM-Newton pipeline processing system (PPS) that invokes the XMM Science Analysis Software (SAS) - the vast majority of observations having been processed using SAS versions 18 and 19. For more details on this release of the catalogue, go to this page.

Important: ESASky is applying the following filter on the catalogue using the source quality flags for the filters (<FILTER>_QUALITY_FLAG), where at least one of the filters (W1, W2, M2, U, V or B) has the cleanest quality flag (= 0) or a quality flag = 32 (the source is within the central enhancement). 

These are the default columns from the SUSS6.1 catalogue displayed in ESASky (note that all column can be loaded via the settings button to the left of the data panel):

SUSS6.1 default columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
Observation ID - Observation ID number
Right ascension   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination  dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
DPos - The statistical error on the source position as returned by the source detection software.
UVW1 Flux erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the UVW1 band
UVW2 Flux erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the UVW2 band
UVM2 Flux erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the UVM2 band
U Flux erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the U band
V Flux erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the V band
B Flux erg·cm-2·s-1​ Flux in the B band

 

Hubble Source Catalog (HSC)

The Hubble Source Catalog is a combination of all the visit-based source lists in the Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) into a single catalogue and is designed to optimize science from the Hubble Space Telescope by combining the tens of thousands of visit-based source lists in the HLA into a single master catalog.

The HSC v3 contains members of the WFPC2, ACS/WFC, WFC3/UVIS and WFC3/IR Source Extractor source lists from HLA version DR10 (data release 10). The cross-matching process involves adjusting the relative astrometry of overlapping images so as to minimize positional offsets between closely aligned sources in different images. After correction, the astrometric residuals of cross-matched sources are significantly reduced, with median errors less than 8 mas. The absolute astrometry is calibrated using Gaia DR1, Pan-STARRS, SDSS, and 2MASS as the astrometric backbone for initial corrections. In addition, the catalog includes source nondetections. The cross-matching algorithms and the properties of the initial (Beta 0.1) catalog are described in Budavari & Lubow (2012), and the Version 1 catalog is described in Whitmore et al. (2016).

Version 3 includes (see here for more details):

  • There are approximately 25% more ACS source lists and almost twice as many WFC3 source lists compared with HSC v2.
  • The source list photometric quality is significantly improved.
  • Improved astrometric calibration is based on the Gaia DR1 catalog. Shifts up to 100 arcsec have been correctly identified. 94% of the fields have matches to an external astrometric reference catalog.
  • The scatter in magnitudes is measured using the median absolute deviation (MAD) of the differences from the median magnitude for more robust estimates.

 

ESASky displays the following columns from the Hubble Source Catalog:

HSC columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Match ID - The HSC match ID number. Details here
Target Name - Target name for one of the observations
Number Of Images - Number of images used in the match
RA    hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension for the match (J2000)
Dec dd mm ss.s Declination for the match (J2000)
Filters - Filter for the match, one filter per row. First part of the filter name corresponds to the instrument, where w3 = WPC3; w2 = WFPC2; a = ACS 
Magnitude mag Median magnitude for the corresponding filter.
Magnitude error mag Median absolute deviation around the median magnitude.

 

Note: There is a small positional offset (< 1") between the source coordinates from the HSC and their location on the HST HiPS maps. This is due to the fact that the HST HiPS were generated from HST data products, while the HSC was created from HLA data products, and there is a discrepancy between the astrometric solutions from both samples. An improved sample of HST HiPS will be produced soon.

See the Caveats page for caveats on the HSC.

 

All-Sky PLATO input catalogue (asPIC1.1)

The ESA PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) mission will search for terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of solar-type stars. Because of telemetry limitations, PLATO targets need to be pre-selected. The all-sky PLATO input catalogue will be fundamental to selecting the best PLATO fields and the most promising target stars, deriving their basic parameters, analysing the instrumental performances, and then planning and optimising follow-up observations. This catalogue also represents a valuable resource for the general definition of stellar samples optimised for the search of transiting planets. 

The first public release of the all-sky PLATO Input Catalogue (asPIC version 1.1) contains a total of 2,675 ,539 stars, among which are 2,378,177 FGK dwarfs and subgiants and 297,362 M dwarfs. It was produced using Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) astrometry and photometry and 3D maps of the local interstellar medium. It provides derived reddening of the targets and estimates of stellar fundamental parameters (Teff, radius, mass) from astrometric and photometric measurements using a developed algorithm. DOI: 10.17909/t9-8msm-xh08

 

 

HERSCHEL CATALOGUES

ESASky provides access to the following catalogues from the Herschel mission: the Herschel-PACS Point Source Catalogue (HPPSC) and the Herschel-SPIRE Point Source Catalogue (HSPSC). 

 

HERSCHEL-PACS POINT SOURCE CATALOGUE (HPPSC)

The Herschel-PACS Point Source Catalogue (HPPSC), released on 17th May 2017, contains about half million entries distributed over the three bands of the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) onboard Herschel, which mapped ~8% of the far-infrared sky. The broad-band filters were centred at 70, 100 and 160 μm, allowing an angular resolution of 5.6ʺ, 6.8ʺ and 11.3ʺ, respectively. 

The catalogue consists of three tables, one per each of these bands. The table below summarises the columns from each table that are displayed in ESASky.

HPPSC columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
Right Ascension   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Flux mJy Flux density
ΔFlux mJy Flux density error
FWHM_x Fit arcsec FWHM in x direction
FWHM_y Fit arcsec FWHM in y direction
S/N_S - Structure noise-based signal-to-noise ratio
S/N_R - Flux-based signal-to-noise ratio 
elong flag - Elongation flag (0=circular)
edge flag - Edge flag (True/False)
blend flag - Blend flag (0=not blended)
warmat - Affected by warm attitude (True/False)
ssomap flag - Solar System Map flag (True/False)
Observation ID - First Observation ID from the list of observations that built the map  

  

For details on the HPPSC, and to get the full catalogues, go to this page.

 

HERSCHEL-SPIRE POINT SOURCE CATALOGUE (HSPSC)

The SPIRE Point Source Catalogue (SPSC) was released on 7th February 2017 jointly by the NASA Herschel Science Center and the ESA Herschel Science Centre. It contains more than 1.6 million entries extracted from a total 6,878 observations in the sub-millimetre range made by the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) onboard Herschel. 

The catalogue consists of three tables, one per each of the three SPIRE photometric bands, centred at 250, 350 and 500 microns (1199, 857 and 600 GHz, respectively). The table below summarises the columns from these three subcatalogues that are displayed in ESASky. 

HSPSC columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
Right Ascension   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
SNR - Signal-to-noise ratio
Flux mJy TML flux density 
ΔFlux  mJy Propagated weighted error in the TML flux density
FluxDao mJy Daophot flux density 
ΔFluxDao mJy Propagated weighted error in the Daophot flux density
FluxTM2 mJy TM2 flux density 
ΔFluxTM2 mJy Propagated weighted error in the TM2 flux density
pntsrc flag - Point source flag
extsrc flag - Extended source flag
lowfwhm flag - Low FWHM flag
largegal flag - Large galaxy flag
mapedge flag - Map edge flag
ssocont flag - SSO contaminator flag

 

For details on the different flux density measurements provided by the catalogue, refer to the Explanatory Supplement. To access the full SPSC catalogue and its Explanatory Supplement, go to this page.  

 

 

planck catalogues

ESASky provides access to the following catalogues from the Planck mission: PCCS2, Planck SZ2, PGCC2

For a full description of the catalogues, go to this page or to the reference papers cited below.

 

second PLANCK CATALOGue OF COMPACT SOURCES (PCCS2)

The PCCS2 is actually a set of single-frequency source catalogues extracted from the Planck full-mission maps in intensity and polarization. The input maps contained 48 months of data for the LFI channels, and 29 months of data for the HFI channels, what translates into an average of 8 and 4 flux density observations for the LFI and HFI, respectively. Polarization flux densities and polarization angles have been measured for hundreds of sources with a significance >99.99%; this implies that most of the polarization sources are very bright, introducing a selection effect. 

The catalogue at 100 Ghz and above has been divided into two subcatalogues: the PCCS2, including all reliable detections (>80%), and PCCS2E, including sources located in sky regions where it was not possible to estimate their reliability.

PCCS2 characteristics

Channel

Frequency (Ghz)

Wavelength (µm)

30

28.4

10561

44

44.1

6807

70

70.4

4260

100

100.0

3000

143

143.0

2098

217

217.0

13.82

353

353.0

850

545

545.0

550

857

857.0

350
Number of sources 1,560 934 1,296 1,742 2,160 2,135 1,344 1,694 4,891
Number of significantly polarized sources 122 30 34 20 25 11 1 - -
Minimum polarized flux density (mJy) 117 181 284 138 148 166 453 - -
Polarized flux density uncertainty (mJy) 46 88 91 30 26 30 81 - -

 

PCCS2E characteristics

Channel

Frequency (Ghz)

Wavelength (µm)

30

28.4

10561

44

44.1

6807

70

70.4

4260

100

100.0

3000

143

143.0

2098

217

217.0

13.82

353

353.0

850

545

545.0

550

857

857.0

350
Number of sources - - - 2,487 4,139 16,842 22,665 31,068 43,290
Number of significantly polarized sources - - - 43 111 325 666 - -
Minimum polarized flux density (mJy) - - - 121 87 114 348 - -
Polarized flux density uncertainty (mJy) - - - 52 44 55 178 - -

 

The following table summarises the columns from the catalogues displayed in ESASky:

PCCS2 columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
Right ascension    hh mm ss.ss   Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Frequency GHz  Planck Frequency
Flux density mJy Channel flux density
Flux density error  mJy Error in channel flux density
Extended Source Flag - Extended source flag, 0 if the source is compact and 1 if the source is extended.
Cat. Reliability - The highest reliability catalogue to which the source belongs. As the full catalogue reliability is >=80%, this is the lowest possible value in this column.

 

 

SECOND planck sunyaev-zeldovitch catalogue (PSz2)

The Planck SZ catalogue is a nearly all-sky list of SZ detections obtained from the Planck data, derived from the HFI frequency channel maps after masking and filling the bright point sources (SNR>10) from the PCCS catalogues in those channels. It contains 1,653 detection, of which 1,203 are confirmed clusters with identified counterparts in external datasets.

The catalogue was constructed using three detection pipelines: two implementations of the matched multi-filter algorithm (MMF1 and MMF2) and a Bayesian algorithm called PowellSnakes (PwS). A union catalogue was constructed from the detections of all three pipelines. To avoid spurious detections due to foreground sources, a mask to remove Galactic dust, nearby galaxies and point sources was applied after the merging, leaving 83.7% of the sky.

The union catalogue contains the coordinates of a detection, its signal-to-noise ratio, an estimate of the total integrated Comptomization parameter Y and its uncertainty, as well as information on the generation and validation. If available, external identification of a cluster and its redshift is also provided. When more than one pipeline makes the same detection, the information is taken from the most significant detection. If the redshift is known, the SZ mass from the reference pipeline is provided.

The table below shows the columns from this catalogue displayed in ESASky:

PSZ2 columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Source name
Right Ascension   hh mm ss.ss   Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Signal to noise - Signal-to-noise ratio of the detection
Redshift - Redshift of cluster
Sundyaev-Zeldovitch mass  1014 MSun Sundyaev-Zeldovitch mass proxy
Validation - External validation status

 

 

SECOND planck catalogUE of galactic cold clumps (PGCC2)

The PGCC2 containes 13,188 Galactic sources and 54 sources located in the Magellanic Clouds, all of them identified as cold sources in Planck data (sources colder than their environment). The sources are extracted from the Planck HFI 857, 545 and 353 GHz maps and the 3 THz IRIS map. A detection requires SNR > 4 in pixels in all Planck bands and a minimum angular distance of 5 arcmin to other detections.

The derived physical properties of the PGCC2 sources are: temperature, column density, physical size, mass, density, and luminosity. The sources span a temperature range from 5.8 to 20 K, and a variety of physical properties corresponding to many different types of objects, from dense cold cores to large molecular clouds.

These are the columns from the PGCC2 catalogue displayed in ESASky:

PGCC2 columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
Right Ascension   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Signal to Noise - Maximum S/N over the 857, 545 and 353 GHz Planck cold residual maps
Major FWHM arcmin FWHM along the major axis of the elliptical Gaussian
Major FWHM error  arcmin Error in the major axis FWHM
Minor FWHM arcmin FWHM along the minor axis of the elliptical Gaussian
Minor FWHM error  arcmin Error in the minor axis FWHM

 

 

CATALOGUES FROM OTHER DATA PROVIDERS

 Akari IRC Point Source Catalogue

The AKARI IRC Point Source Catalogue Version 1.0 provides positions and fluxes of 870,973 sources (844,649 sources in 9 micron band and 194,551 sources in 18 micron band) in the Mid-Infrared wavelengths.

The IRC scanned 96 / 97 percent of the entire sky in 9 / 18 micron band twice or more during the 16 months of the cryogenic mission phase. The Point Source Catalogue is the primary catalogue from the AKARI IRC survey. The catalogue is designed to have a uniform detection limit over the entire sky, based on the uniform source detection limit per scan observation. Redundant observations are used to increase the reliability of the detection.

The AKARI IRC Release Note documentation can be found here.

AKARI IRC Point Source Catalogue columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
Right Ascension   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Declination dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Flux S9W Jy Flux density in S9W
Flux S9W error Jy Flux error in S9W
Flux L18W Jy Flux density in L18W
Flux L18W error Jy Flux error in L18W
Flag S9W - Bit flags data quality for S9W:
Values are expressed in Hexadecimal format.
1: Period between first and last detection is less than a month
2: Saturated (not currently used)
4: use SAA (not currently used)
8: use edge events, flux underestimated
Flag L18W - Bit flags data quality for L18W:
Values are expressed in Hexadecimal format.
1: Period between first and last detection is less than a month
2: Saturated (not currently used)
4: use SAA (not currently used)
8: use edge events, flux underestimated
Extended Flag S9W - Extended source flag for S9W:
Set to 1 if MEAN_AB09 > 15.6 arcsec
Extended Flag L18W - Extended source flag for L18W:
Set to 1 if MEAN_AB18 > 15.6 arcsec
Number of S9W Events - Number of events contributing to FLUX S9W
Number of L18W Events - Number of events contributing to FLUX L18W

 

 

 CHANDRA SOURCE CATALOG (csC2)

The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) is the definitive catalog of X-ray sources detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. By combining Chandra's sub-arcsecond on-axis spatial resolution and low instrumental background with consistent data processing, the CSC delivers a wide variety of uniformly calibrated properties and science ready data products for detected sources over four decades of flux. The second major release of the catalog, CSC 2.0, includes measured properties for 317,167 unique compact and extended X-ray sources in the sky, allowing statistical analysis of large samples, as well as individual source studies. Extracted properties are provided for 928,280 individual observation detections identified in 10,382 Chandra ACIS and HRC-I imaging observations released publicly through the end of 2014. CSC 2.0 includes—as an "alpha" release—photometric properties for 1,299 highly extended (≳30″) sources, together with surface brightness polygons for several contour levels. All can be retrieved, together with the full list of parameters available in the full catalog for each source, using CSCview. Go here for more information on the CSC.

CSC2 columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
RA  hh mm ss.ss Right ascension of source (J2000)
Dec dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
Flux ACIS erg·cm-2·s-1 ACIS broad band, b (0.5-7.0 keV), aperture-corrected net energy flux inferred from the source region aperture, best estimate derived from the longest block of a multi-band, flux-ordered Bayesian Block analysis of the contributing observations, and calculated by counting X-ray events (column also called flux_aper_b).
Lower Flux ACIS erg·cm-2·s-1 Lower 1 sigma (68.2%) Flux ACIS broad band, b (0.5-7.0 keV) confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_lolim_b).
Upper Flux ACIS erg·cm-2·s-1 Upper 1 sigma (68.2%) Flux ACIS broad band, b (0.5-7.0 keV) confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_hilim_b).
Flux HRC erg·cm-2·s-1 HRC wide band, w (~0.1-10.0 keV), aperture-corrected net energy flux inferred from the source region aperture, best estimate derived from the longest block of a multi-band, flux-ordered Bayesian Block analysis of the contributing observations, and calculated by counting X-ray events (column also called flux_aper_w).
Lower Flux HRC erg·cm-2·s-1 Lower 1 sigma (68.2%) Flux HRC wide band, w (~0.1-10.0 keV), confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_lolim_w)
Upper Flux HRC erg·cm-2·s-1 Upper 1 sigma (68.2%) Flux HRC wide band, w (~0.1-10.0 keV), confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_hilim_w)
Average Flux ACIS erg·cm-2·s-1 Aperture-corrected net energy flux inferred from the source region aperture, averaged over all contributing observations, and calculated by counting X-ray events; ACIS broad (0.5-7.0 keV) energy band (column also called flux_aper_avg_b).
Average Lower Flux ACIS erg·cm-2·s-1 Lower 1 sigma (68.2%) average Flux ACIS broad band, b (0.5-7.0 keV), confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_avg_lolim_b).
Average Upper Flux ACIS erg·cm-2·s-1 Upper 1 sigma (68.2%) average Flux ACIS broad band, b (0.5-7.0 keV), confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_avg_hilim_b).
Average Flux HRC erg·cm-2·s-1 Aperture-corrected net energy flux inferred from the source region aperture, averaged over all contributing observations, and calculated by counting X-ray events; HRC wide (~0.1-10.0 keV) energy band (column also called flux_aper_avg_w).
Average Lower Flux HRC erg·cm-2·s-1 Lower 1 sigma (68.2%) average Flux HRC wide band, w (~0.1-10.0 keV), confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_avg_lolim_w).
Average Upper Flux HRC erg·cm-2·s-1 Upper 1 sigma (68.2%) average Flux HRC wide band, w (~0.1-10.0 keV), confidence limit (column also called flux_aper_avg_hilim_w).
Major radius of error ellipse arcsec Major radius of the 95% confidence level position error ellipse (column also called err_ellipse_r0).
Minor radius of error ellipse arcsec Minor radius of the 95% confidence level position error ellipse (column also called err_ellipse_r1).
Position angle error ellipse degrees Position angle (referenced from local true north) of the major axis of the 95% confidence level error ellipse (column also called err_ellipse_ang).
Highest Flux Significance - Highest flux significance across all stacked observations and science energy bands (column also called significance).
Likelihood - Highest detection log-likelihood across all stacked observations and science energy bands (column also called likelihood).
Likelihood Classification - Highest detection likelihood classification across all stacked observations and science energy bands (column also called likelihood_class).
Confusion Flag - Source may be confused (source and/or background regions overlap in one or more contributing stacked observations; column also called conf_flag).
Extent Flag - Source is extended, or deconvolved source extent is inconsistent with a point source at the 90% confidence level in one or more observations and science energy bands (column also called extent_flag).
Source Saturation Flag - Source is saturated in all observations; source properties are unreliable (column also called sat_src_flag).
Source Streak Flag - Source is located on an ACIS readout streak in all observations; source properties may be affected (column also called streak_src_flag).
Variability Flag - Source displays flux variability within one or more observations, or between observations, in one or more energy bands (column also called var_flag).
Hardness Ratio Variability Flag - Source hardness ratios are statistically inconsistent between two or more observations (column also called var_inter_hard_flag).
Hard-Medium Hardness Ratio - ACIS hard (2.0-7.0 keV) - medium (1.2-2.0 keV) energy band hardness ratio (column also called hard_hm).
Lower Hard-Medium Hardness Ratio - ACIS hard (2.0-7.0 keV) - medium (1.2-2.0 keV) energy band hardness ratio (68% lower confidence limit; column also called hard_hm_lolim).
Upper Hard-Medium Hardness Ratio - ACIS hard (2.0-7.0 keV) - medium (1.2-2.0 keV) energy band hardness ratio (68% upper confidence limit; column also called hard_hm_hilim).
Medium-Soft Hardness Ratio - ACIS medium (1.2-2.0 keV) - soft (0.5-1.2 keV) energy band hardness ratio (column also called hard_ms).
Lower Medium-Soft Hardness Ratio - ACIS medium (1.2-2.0 keV) - soft (0.5-1.2 keV) energy band hardness ratio (68% lower confidence limit; column also called hard_ms_lolim).
Upper Medium-Soft Hardness Ratio - ACIS medium (1.2-2.0 keV) - soft (0.5-1.2 keV) energy band hardness ratio (68% upper confidence limit; column also called hard_ms_hilim).
ACIS Intra-Obs Variability Index - Inter-observation variability index in the range [0, 10] based on variability probability for the broad band, b (0.5-7.0 keV). A low value indicates that the source region photon flux is constant between observations whereas a high value indicates that source is very likely to be variable (column also called var_inter_index_b).
HRC Intra-Obs Variability Index - Intra-observation Gregory-Loredo variability index in the range [0, 10] for the wide band, w (~0.1-10.0 keV). A low value indicates that the source region photon flux is constant within an observation (highest value across all observations), whereas a high value indicate that flux is variable within the observation (column also called var_intra_index_w).
ACIS Inter-Obs Variability Index - Inter-observation variability index in the range [0, 10]: indicates whether the source region photon flux is constant between observations for the broad band, b (0.5-7.0 keV; column also called var_inter_index_b).
HRC Inter-Obs Variability Index - Inter-observation variability index in the range [0, 10]: indicates whether the source region photon flux is constant between observations for the wide band, w (~0.1-10.0 keV; column also called var_inter_index_w).
Hard-Medium Hardness Ratio Variability Prob - Inter-observation ACIS hard (2.0-7.0 keV) - medium (1.2-2.0 keV) energy band hardness ratio variability probability, which indicates
whether the source is spectrally variable when these two bands are considered (column also called var_inter_hard_prob_hm).
Medium-Soft Hardness Ratio Variability Prob - Inter-observation ACIS medium (1.2-2.0 keV) - soft (0.5-1.2 keV) energy band hardness ratio variability probability, which indicates
whether the source is spectrally variable when these two bands are considered (column also called var_inter_hard_prob_ms)
ACS Time seconds Total livetime for all ACIS imaging observations contributing to the Master Sources Table record of the source (column also called acs_time).
HRC Time seconds Total livetime for all HRC imaging observations contributing to the Master Sources Table record of the source (column also called hrc_time).

 

 

eROSITA CATALOGUES

The following catalogues from eROSITA are included in ESASky: eRASS1 main, eRASS1 hard, eFEDS main, eFEDS hard, etaCha main, etaCha hard.

 

eRASS1 main catalogue

The eROSITA X-ray telescope on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SPG) observatory combines a large field of view and a large collecting area in the energy range between ~0.2 and ~8.0 keV. This gives the telescope the capability to perform uniform scanning observations of large sky areas. The eRASS1 main catalogue consits of data acquired in the first six months of survey operations (eRASS1; completed June 2020) over the half sky whose proprietary data rights lie with the German eROSITA Consortium and contains X-ray sources detected in the 0.2-2.3 keV band using eSASS adopting a detection likelihood threshold of 5. The sources with detection likelihood larger than 6 are selected as the main eRASS1 catalogue (930203 sources). 

The eRASS1 main catalogue increases the number of known X-ray sources in the published literature by more than 60%, and provides a comprehensive inventory of all classes of X-ray celestial objects, covering a wide range of physical processes. For more information see Merloni et al. 2024.

eRASS1 Hard catalogue

The eROSITA X-ray telescope on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SPG) observatory combines a large field of view and a large collecting area in the energy range between ~0.2 and ~8.0 keV. This gives the telescope the capability to perform uniform scanning observations of large sky areas. The eRASS1 hard catalogue consits of data acquired in the first six months of survey operations (eRASS1; completed June 2020) over the half sky whose proprietary data rights lie with the German eROSITA Consortium and contains X-ray sources detected in the 2.3-5.0 keV band (5466 sources). This eRASS1 hard catalogue is the result of the first true imaging survey of the entire sky above 2 keV. For more information see Merloni et al. 2024.

 

eFEDS main catalogue

The eROSITA X-ray telescope on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SPG) observatory combines a large field of view and a large collecting area in the energy range between ~0.2 and ~8.0 keV. This gives the telescope the capability to perform uniform scanning observations of large sky areas. SRG/eROSITA performed scanning observations of the ~140 square degree eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey field (the eFEDS field) as part of its performance verification phase ahead of the planned four year of all-sky scanning operations. The observing time of eFEDS was chosen to slightly exceed the depth expected in an equatorial field after the completion of the all-sky survey. While verifying the capability of eROSITA to perform large-area uniform surveys and saving as a test and training dataset to establish calibration and data analysis procedures, the eFEDS survey also constitutes the largest contiguous soft X-ray survey at this depth to date, supporting a range of early eROSITA survey science investigations. 

The eFEDS main catalogue contains X-ray sources detected in the 0.2-2.3 keV band using eSASS adopting a detection likelihood threshold of 5. The sources with detection likelihood larger than 6 are selected as the main eFEDS catalog (27910 sources). For more information see Brunner et al. 2022.

eFEDS hard catalogue

The eROSITA X-ray telescope on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SPG) observatory combines a large field of view and a large collecting area in the energy range between ~0.2 and ~8.0 keV. This gives the telescope the capability to perform uniform scanning observations of large sky areas. SRG/eROSITA performed scanning observations of the ~140 square degree eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey field (the eFEDS field) as part of its performance verification phase ahead of the planned four year of all-sky scanning operations. The observing time of eFEDS was chosen to slightly exceed the depth expected in an equatorial field after the completion of the all-sky survey. While verifying the capability of eROSITA to perform large-area uniform surveys and saving as a test and training dataset to establish calibration and data analysis procedures, the eFEDS survey also constitutes the largest contiguous soft X-ray survey at this depth to date, supporting a range of early eROSITA survey science investigations. 

The Hard X-ray selected eFEDS catalogue contains sources detected in three bands (1: 0.2-0.6; 2: 0.6-2.3; 3: 2.3-5 keV) using eSASS adopting a detection likelihood threshold of 5. The sources with a 2.3-5 keV band detection likelihood greater than 10 and a zero extent likelihood were selected as the hard eFEDS catalogue (246 sources). For more information see Brunner et. al. 2022.

eta Chamaeleontis main catalogue

The eta Cha main catalogue is a catalogue of X-ray sources in the eta Chamaeleontis field scan observation (OBSID 300004). The nearby young open cluster eta Chamaeleontis was observed by eROSITA/SRG during its CalPV phase for 150 ks. The eROSITA data were taken in the field-scan mode, an observing mode of Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) that follows a rectangular grid-like pattern, here covering a 5x5 deg field with an exposure depth of about 5 ks. The known members were studied in X-rays and potential new members of the anticipated dispersed low-mass cluster population were searched for. For more information see Robrade et. al. (2022).

eta Chamaeleontis hard catalogue

The eta Cha hard catalogue is a catalogue of hard X-ray sources in the eta Chamaeleontis field scan observation (OBSID 300004). The nearby young open cluster eta Chamaeleontis was observed by eROSITA/SRG during its CalPV phase for 150 ks. The eROSITA data were taken in the field-scan mode, an observing mode of Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) that follows a rectangular grid-like pattern, here covering a 5x5 deg field with an exposure depth of about 5 ks. The known members were studied in X-rays and potential new members of the anticipated dispersed low-mass cluster population were searched for. For more information see Robrade et. al. (2022).

 

 

FERMI CATALOGUES

The following catalogues from the Fermi mission are included in ESASky: 4FGL-DR2, 3FHL, 4LAC-DR2.

 

fermi large area telescope FOURTH SOURCE CATALOG - DATA RELEASE 2 (4FGL-DR2)

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope  was launched in June 2008 and surveys the entire sky every day. The Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog (4FGL-DR2) presents 5,064 sources in the 50 MeV-1 TeV energy range. For more information go to the paper above or visit the Fermi-LAT webpage.

THIRD FERMI-LAT CATALOG OF HIGH-ENERGY SOURCES (3FHL)

The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources (3FHL) reports the locations and spectra of sources significantly detected in the 10 GeV – 2 TeV energy range during the first 7 years of the Fermi mission using the Pass 8 event-level analysis. It contains 1556 objects characterized in the 10 GeV - 2 TeV energy range. For more information go to the paper above or visit the Fermi-LAT webpage.

Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei detected by the LAT - data release 2 (4lac-dr2)

The fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (4LAC) contains 2863 objects located at high Galactic latitudes derived from the 4FGL catalog.

 

GLADE+ Galaxy Catalog

GLADE+ is an extended version of the GLADE galaxy catalog for multimessenger searches with advanced gravitational-wave detectors. GLADE+ combines data from six separate but not independent astronomical catalogues: the GWGC, 2MPZ, 2MASS XSC, HyperLEDA, and WISExSCOSPZ galaxy catalogues, and the SDSS-DR16Q quasar catalogue. GLADE+ contains ~22.5 million galaxies and ~750,000 quasars. GLADE+ is complete up to a luminosity distance of ~44 Mpc in terms of the cumulative B-band luminosity of galaxies, and contains all of the brightest galaxies giving half of the total B-band luminosity up to ~95 Mpc. Considering the brightest galaxies giving half of the total luminosity in the W1-band, GLADE+ has nearly 90% completeness at even ~500 Mpc. Stellar masses and binary neutron star mergers for galaxies with W1 magnitudes have been derived. These parameters can help to rank the galaxies in a given gravitational wave localization volume, thereby possibly reducing the number of pointings and the total integration time needed to find the electromagnetic counterpart. The codes used for the stellar mass and and merger rate calculations can be found on Github. For more information see Dálya et. al. (2022) and the GLADE+ website. 

 

LAMOST GENERAL catalogs (LAMOST DR9)

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) is a Chinese national scientific research facility operated by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope with 4000 fibers in a field of view of 20 degrees. The LAMOST survey, initiated in 2012, provides flux - and wavelength-calibrated, sky-subtracted spectra in the wavelength range of 3700-9000 angstroms with a resolution of 1800 at 5500 angstroms for many types of astronomical objects. Since October 2018, LAMOST started the second stage survey program containing both low- and medium-resolution spectroscopic surveys, and the medium-resolution spectroscopic survey includes two surveys, i.e., the time-domain and the non time-domain surveys.

The ninth LAMOST data release (LAMOST DR9) includes observations until June 2021. The Low-Resolution spectroscopic survey (LRS) General Catalog contains 11,211,028 spectra, of which 10,893,354 are stars, 241,454 are galaxies, and 76,220 are QSOs. The Medium-Resolution spectroscopic survey (MRS) General Catalog contains 8,259,362 spectra, where there are 1,846,438 and 6,412,924 spectra for the non time-domain and time-domain surveys, respectively. 

The following columns have been included in ESASky:

LAMOST LRS General Catalogue default columns in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Target name
RA (J2000) hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of fiber pointing (J2000)
Dec (J2000) dd mm ss.s Declination of fiber pointing (J2000)
Observation ID - Observation ID
obsDate yyyy-mm-dd Target Observation Date
Class - Stellar spectral type
Subclass - Stellar subclass
Z - Redshift
Z Error - Redshift uncertainty
SNR U - Signal-to-noise ratio of u filter
SNR G - Signal-to-noise ratio of g filter
SNR R - Signal-to-noise ratio of r filter
SNR I - Signal-to-noise ratio of i filter
SNR Z - Signal-to-noise ratio of z filter
Mag Type - Target magnitude type
Mag 1 mag Associated magnitude 1

 

LAMOST MRS General Catalogue default columns in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Target name
RA (J2000) hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of fiber pointing (J2000)
Dec (J2000) dd mm ss.s Declination of fiber pointing (J2000)
Observation ID - Observation ID
obsDate yyyy-mm-dd Target Observation Date
Band - Having two values of B and R, which represent B and R band spectra
snr - The median value of all pixel S/Ns in B band spectrum or R band
Radial Velocity R band km/s Radial velocity of R band spectra measured with 483 selected KURUCZ synthetic templates
Radial Velocity B band km/s Radial velocity of B band spectra measured with 483 selected KURUCZ synthetic templates

 

In addition to the LRS and MRS General Catalogs, LAMOST DR9 provides many other catalogs, including stellar parameter catalogs, the Observed Plate Information Catalog, the Input Catalog and others. For now, these catalogs have not been integrated in ESASky. Refer to the LRS and MRS data product description pages for more information on this data release.

 

 2MASS All-sky catalog of point sources

The Two-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) covered 99.998% of the sky in three near-infrared bands, J, H and Ks. The 2MASS Point Source Catalog (PSC) contains positional and photometric information for 470,992,970 point sources. Sources in this catalogue are detected in at least one band with S/N higher than 7, or in all three bands with S/N higher than 5. In addition, the source position must fulfil some conditions to ensure it is not a spurious detection or there is confusion between sources.

The table below shows the columns of the 2MASS catalogue displayed in ESASky:

2MASS catalogue columns displayed on ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
RA (J2000)   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
DEC (J2000) dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
J mag mag J-band magnitude
ΔJ mag mag Error in J-band magnitude
H mag mag H-band magnitude
ΔH mag mag Error in H-band magnitude
Ks mag mag Ks-band magnitude
ΔKs mag mag Error in Ks-band magnitude

 

See the IPAC 2MASS documentation for more details on this catalogue.

 

 AllWISE SOURCE catalog

The AllWISE Source Catalog provides astrometry and mid-infrared photometry in four bands (3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 microns) for 747,634,026 objects detected on the deep AllWISE Atlas Intensity Images. It improves the photometry of discrete sources in all four bands with respect to the WISE Catalog. In addition, improved source variability metrics have been computed. Astrometry has also been improved thanks to the correction of the proper motion of the reference 2MASS stars for the 11 years between the two surveys.

The table below shows the columns of the AllWISE catalogue displayed in ESASky:

AllWISE catalogue columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name - Name of source
RA (J2000)   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension of source (J2000)
Dec (J2000) dd mm ss.s Declination of source (J2000)
ΔRA arcsec Error in right ascension
ΔDec arcsec Error in declination
W1 mag mag W1-band magnitude
ΔW1 mag mag Error in W1-band magnitude
W2 mag mag W2-band magnitude
ΔW2 mag mag Error in W2-band magnitude
W3 mag mag W3-band magnitude
ΔW3 mag mag Error in W3-band magnitude
W3 mag mag W3-band magnitude
ΔW4 mag mag Error in W4-band magnitude

 

Refer to this page for more information on the WISE survey and this catalog.

 

Spitzer Enhanced imaging products (SEIP) Source List

The Spitzer Science Center and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center have produced as part of the Cryogenic Release 3 the SEIP Source List. This list contains photometry for 42 million stars and galaxies for the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8 microns and for the 24 micron band of the Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS). The Spitzer SEIP Source List has been produced combining data across multiple Astronomical Observation Request (AOR) archival data that allows the extraction of fainter sources using a uniform processing pipeline taking advantage of the best and final calibration of the cryogenic imaging data.

The table below shows a selection from columns available in the SEIP Source List displayed in ESASky:

Spitzer SEIP Source List columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Name   Object ID
RA deg Right Ascension (J2000)
Dec deg Declination (J2000)
Flux IRAC1 uJy IRAC Ch1 flux density (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I1_F_Ap1).
Flux_err IRAC1 uJy IRAC Ch1 flux density uncertainty (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I1_dF_Ap1)
Flux IRAC2  uJy IRAC Ch2 flux density (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I2_F_Ap1).
Flux_err IRAC2  uJy IRAC Ch2 flux density uncertainty (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I2_dF_Ap1)
Flux IRAC3  uJy IRAC Ch3 flux density (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I3_F_Ap1)
Flux_err IRAC3  uJy IRAC Ch3 flux density uncertainty (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I3_dF_Ap1)
Flux IRAC4  uJy IRAC Ch4 flux density (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I4_F_Ap1)
Flux_err IRAC4 uJy IRAC Ch4 flux density uncertainty (3.8 arcsec diameter aperture; column also called I4_dF_Ap1)
Flux MIPS 24  uJy MIPS Ch1 PSF fit flux density (column also called M1_F_PSF)
Flux_err MIPS 24         uJy    MIPS Ch1 PSF fit flux density uncertainty (column also called M1_dF_PSF)
Flux 2MASS J uJy 2MASS J flux density
Flux 2MASS H uJy 2MASS H flux density
Flux 2MASS K uJy 2MASS K flux density
Flux WISE W1 uJy WISE W1 flux density or 95% upper limit if the W1 flux measurement has SNR<2
Flux WISE W2 uJy WISE W2 flux density or 95% upper limit if the W1 flux measurement has SNR<2
Flux WISE W3 uJy WISE W3 flux density or 95% upper limit if the W1 flux measurement has SNR<2
Flux WISE W4 uJy WISE W4 flux density or 95% upper limit if the W1 flux measurement has SNR<2

 

Refer to this page for more information on the Spitzer Enhanced Imaging Products, in particular, the SEIP Explanatory Supplement.

 

IceCube All-Sky Point-Source Events Catalog (2008 - 2018)

IceCube has performed several searches for point-like sources of neutrinos. The events contained in the IceCube All-Sky Point-Source Events Catalog (2008 - 2018; Icecubepsc) make up the sample used in IceCube's 10-year time-integrated neutrino point source search. Events in the sample are track-like neutrino candidates detected by IceCube between April 2008 and July 2018.

IMPORTANT NOTE: ESASky displays fewer events than those available in the IceCube All-Sky Point-Source Events Catalog in order to show a less crowded display. An energy cut has been applied to the data to remove most of the lower energy events, therefore, ESASky display events with energies of E>104 GeV in the Northern hemisphere and events with energies of E>105.8 GeV in the Southern hemisphere (approximately the top 1% events in energy; 26706 neutrino candidate events). See the below figure from the Icecube Collaboration (2021) publication (https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09836) showing the distribution of events as a function of reconstructed declination and event energy:

For more information on the IceCube All-Sky Point-Source Events Catalog and to download the whole catalog (1.1 million events) please go to this page.

The table below shows the columns of the IceCube All-Sky Point-Source Events Catalog displayed by default in ESASky (more columns can be displayed via the settings button):

Icecubepsc default columns displayed in ESASky
Column name Units Description
Event Number - Name of source
RA (J2000)   hh mm ss.ss  Right ascension
Dec (J2000)   hh mm ss.ss  Declination
Error Radius degrees Positional Uncertainty
Event Time  YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.ss  Date/Time of the event
Event Energy  GeV Reconstructed Energy of the Observed Muon Track 

 

 

open universe for blazars V2.0

Open Universe for Blazars relies on a master list of blazars. The second version of this list was assembled by combining the 5BZCAT, the 3HSP, and the Fermi 4LAC catalogue.

For more information visit the Open Universe for Blazars webpage.

 

Swift-XRT Point Source Catalog (2SXPS)

The Second Swift-XRT Point Source (2SXPS) catalog contains 206,335 point sources detected by the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) in the 0.3-10 keV energy range. This catalog represents a significant improvement over 1SXPS, with double the sky coverage (now 3790 deg2), and several significant developments in source detection and classification. In particular, modeling the effect of stray light and significantly reducing the number of spurious sources detected. Plus, a new model of the XRT point-spread function and a method for correctly localizing and characterizing piled-up sources.

For more information visit the Leicester 2SXPS documentation and the HEASARC 2SXPS webpage.

 

Legacy archive (HIPPARCOS):

The Hipparcos Catalogue (118,218 stars with 1 milliarcsec level astrometry) and the Tycho Catalogue (more than one million stars with 20-30 milliarcsec astrometry and two-colour photometry) were completed in August 1996 and its data products were released in June 1997. Further improved catalogues were made available to the science community later. This Galaxy charter mission has produced four major catalogues referred to as the Hipparcos-1 Catalogue, the Tycho-1 Catalogue, the Hipparcos-2 Catalogue, and the Tycho-2 Catalogue.

These are the 40  Hipparcos data products (catalogues and annexes) currently available via the ESASky legacy TAP query as a self-standing catalogue collection, providing a single unified method of accessing all Hipparcos/Tycho data products and their successors.​​​​​​ You can access them using the Topcat tool, selecting the option "Table Access Protocol (TAP) Query" in the VO menu, and introducing the TAP url in the "Select Service" pane.

The summary of the 40 data products (or 53 tables) is shown in Table 1. Hipparcos-1 data products are complete except for identification charts and light-curve figures. Tycho-1 has been completed with the Epoch Photometry Annex B, and Hipparcos-2 and Tycho-2 with Intermediate Astrometry data products. The latter is considered an extension, as these data had never been published before.

Source:

Most tables have been obtained from the CDS/VizieR TAP service, where column labels and descriptions underwent curation by CDS/VizieR. The tables in boldface were downloaded from the VizieR ftp instead of TAP service. The data models for hipparcos1 tables #3-#6 were also obtained from the VizieR ftp (so they include CDS metadata curation), including as metadata descriptions both explanations and corresponding notes. For 14 tables, we constructed the corresponding data model from the original documentation, using the original Hipparcos column label naming convention and including as metadata descriptions the original Hipparcos explanations. 

Since the Tycho-1 Epoch Photometry - Annex B data hosted at CDS/Vizier was severely corrupted, two tables in data product #32 marked with an asterisk) were recovered from original CD-ROMs kindly provided by Claus Fabricius, member of the Tycho consortium. Although still presenting a partial loss of the original data, fewer data records are affected by corruption. 

Data products #19, #21, #22, #23, #29, #30, #31 and #36 were tables originally stacked together in rows mixing header and data records. For the sake of database ingestion, these data products have been split in their basic table structures, and the legacy_astro TAP serves them individually. Unique keys allow connecting the records back together.

Hipparcos-2 data products #25-#29 are served in two versions: a CDS/VizieR version (namespace hipparcos2_cds) and a Springer book DVD version (namespace hipparcos2_dvd). Hipparcos-2 intermediate astrometry is only available on the DVD and it is important that these intermediate data are only used together with the astrometric reference parameters coming from the main tables from the same DVD.

Metadata:

  • Sky coordinates RAdeg, DEdeg are provided in ICRS system in units of degrees, with epoch J1991.25 (average observing time for the Hipparcos mission), except for the Tycho-2 Intermediate Astrometry (J1992.0) and the Double Star Catalogue and Supplement and the Two-colour Photometry for Components of Hipparcos Doubles Catalogue, at observation epoch J2000.0.

  • Currently, our Legacy Archive TAP server does not preserve the data precision for trailing zeroes. To retrieve the table precision information, please refer to the original table data model section and table number in Hipparcos Vol 1: Introduction and Guide to the Data, provided in column #8

  • Question marks in the table descriptions are equivalent to dagger in the table data model shown in the documentation, meaning blank for undefined values.

  • Asterisk at the beginning of the column description and numbers in brackets at the end of descriptions refer to Notes in the Hipparcos Vol 1: Introduction and Guide to the Data

  • The original hipparcos1.hipoint and hipparcos1.hipjtran records have several occurrences of type overflow that have been replaced by "null" values.

  • For 6 Tycho tables, a Tycho identifier (ID) was created as an aggregate of the TYC numbers. It is constructed from the GSC region number (TYC1)[1,9537], the running number within the region (TYC2)[1,12119], and a component identifier (TYC3)[1,4], separated by a hyphen between them, e.g. TYC 1-13-1.

 

Hipparcos catalogues, data products and tables

Data product #

Catalogue

Table Name

Title

Records

Columns

Data Model Reference

1

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_main

The Hipparcos Main Catalogue

118,218

78

S2.1, T2.1.1

2

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.h_dm_com

Double and Multiples: Component solutions, Components

24,588

38

S2.3, T2.3.2a

3

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.h_dm_cor

Double and Multiples: Component solutions, Correlations

12,591

14

S2.3, T2.3.2b

4

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_dm_g

Double and Multiples: Acceleration solutions

2,622

15

S2.3, T2.3.3

5

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_dm_v

Double and Multiples: Variability Induced (VIM) solutions

288

14

S2.3, T2.3.5

6

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_dm_x

Double and Multiples: Stochastic solutions

1,561

5

S2.3, T2.3.6

7

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.him_dm_o

Double and Multiples: Orbital solutions

235

19

S2.3, T2.3.4a

8

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_va_1

Variability Annex: Periodic variables

2,712

24

S2.4, T2.4.2

9

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_va_2

Variability Annex: Unsolved variables

5,542

22

S2.4, T2.4.2

10

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.solar_ha

Solar System Annex: Astrometric catalogue

5,609

10

S2.7, T2.7.5

11

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.solar_hp

Solar System Annex: Photometric catalogue

2,639

10

S2.7, T2.7.6

12

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.solar_t

Solar System Annex: Tycho astrometry/photometry

291

16

S2.7, T2.7.7
13 Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hd_notes

 Hipparcos notes: Double and multiple systems 2,622 7 S2.11, T2.11.2
14 Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hg_notes

 Hipparcos notes: General notes 3,898 7 S2.11, T2.11.2
15 Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hp_notes

 Hipparcos notes: Photometric notes 2,444 7 S2.11, T2.11.2
16 Hipparcos-1 hipparcos1.hp_refs References Hipparcos stars 33,769 5 S2.11, T2.11.2
17 Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hp_auth

 References of hp_notes.doc 4,335 3 S2.11, T2.11.2
18 Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.dmsa_o

 References of hip_dm_o.dat 118 5 S2.3, T2.3.4b

19

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_i

Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry

118,204

11

S2.8, T2.8.2

hipparcos1.hipabsc

Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry: Abcissa record

7,226,006

12

S2.8, T2.8.3

20

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_rgc

Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry: Reference great circle

2,341

8

S2.8, T2.8.1

21

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_j

Hipparcos Transit Data

37,368

15

S2.9, T2.9.1

hipparcos1.hipoint

Hipparcos Transit Data: Pointing record

37,368

29

S2.9, T2.9.2

hipparcos1.hipjtran

Hipparcos Transit Data: Transit record

4,276,420

21

S2.9, T2.9.3

22

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_ep

Hipparcos Epoch Photometry Annex

118,204

15

S2.5, T2.5.1

hipparcos1.hiptrans

Hipparcos Epoch Photometry Annex: Transit record

13,724,288

6

S2.5, T2.5.2

23

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_ep_e

Hipparcos Epoch Photometry Annex Extension

118,204

12

S2.5, T2.5.3

hipparcos1.hepetran

Hipparcos Epoch Photometry Annex Extension: Transit record

13,724,288

10

S2.5, T2.5.4

24

Hipparcos-1

hipparcos1.hip_ep_c

Hipparcos Epoch Photometry Annex Extension: coincidence

105,233

5

S2.5, T2.5.5

25

Hipparcos-2

hipparcos2_cds.hip2

hipparcos2_dvd.hip2

The Hipparcos Main Catalogue

117,955

117,955

27

2007A&A...474..653V

26

Hipparcos-2

hipparcos2_cds.hip7p

hipparcos2_dvd.hip2_7p

Double and Multiples: Seven-parameter solutions

1,338

1,343

7

2007A&A...474..653V

27

Hipparcos-2

hipparcos2_cds.hip9p

hipparcos2_dvd.hip2_9p

Double and Multiples: Nine-parameter solutions

104

102

11

2007A&A...474..653V

28

Hipparcos-2

hipparcos2_cds.hipvim

hipparcos2_dvd.hip2_vim

Double and Multiples: Variability-induced (VIM) solutions

25

43

7

2007A&A...474..653V
29 Hipparcos-2 hipparcos2_dvd.resrec_header Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry - Abcissa residuals: Header records 117,955 9 Table G.8 in Springer book (ReadMe)
hipparcos2_dvd.resrec_data Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry - Abcissa residuals: Data records 13,678,867 9 Table G.8 in Springer book (ReadMe)
hipparcos2_dvd.absrec_header Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry - Field transit records: Header records 117,955 13 Table G.9 in Springer book (ReadMe)
hipparcos2_dvd.absrec_data Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometry - Field transit records: Data records 13,678,867 28 Table G.9 in Springer book (ReadMe)

30

Tycho-1

tycho1.tyc_main

The main part of Tycho Catalogue

1,058,332

61

S2.2, T2.2.1

31

Tycho-1

tycho1.tyc_ep_header

Tycho Epoch Photometry - Annex A: Header records

34,446

18

S2.6, T2.6.1 (Readme)

tycho1.tyc_ep_data

Tycho Epoch Photometry - Annex A: Individual transit records

6,760,543

18

S2.6, T2.6.2 (Readme)
32 Tycho-1 tycho1.tyc_epo Tycho Epoch Photometry - Annex B 508,710 6 I/239/ReadMe (Readme)
tycho1.tyc_epo_header* Tycho Epoch Photometry - Annex B: Header records 458,089 18 S2.6, T2.6.1 (Readme)
tycho1.tyc_epo_data* Tycho Epoch Photometry - Annex B: Individual transit records 78,778,542 18 S2.6, T2.6.2 (Readme)

33

Tycho-2

tycho2.tyc2

The Tycho-2 Main Catalogue

2,539,913

38

2000A&A...355L..27H

34

Tycho-2

tycho2.suppl_1

Tycho-2 Supplement-1

17,588

24

2000A&A...355L..27H

35

Tycho-2

tycho2.suppl_2

Tycho-2 Supplement-2

1,146

24

2000A&A...355L..27H
36 Tycho-2 tycho2.tyc_sc_header Tycho Intermediate Astrometry - Sorted Identified Counts: Header records 574,915,849 8 Tycho2_SortedCounts_ReadMe.txt
tycho2.tyc_sc_para Tycho Intermediate Astrometry - Sorted Identified Counts: Parasite records 574,915,849 15 Tycho2_SortedCounts_ReadMe.txt
tycho2.tyc_sc_data Tycho Intermediate Astrometry - Sorted Identified Counts: Counts records 574,915,849 7 Tycho2_SortedCounts_ReadMe.txt

37

Tycho-2

tycho2.tdsc_catalogue

Main Tycho Double Star Catalogue

98,482

38

2002A&A...384..180F

38

Tycho-2

tycho2.tdsc_supplem

Tycho Double Star Catalogue - Supplement

4,777

38

2002A&A...384..180F

39

Tycho-2

tycho2.tdsc_notes

Tycho Double Star Catalogue - Notes

149

5

2002A&A...384..180F

40

Tycho-2

tycho2.colorphotds_catalogue

Two-colour photometry for components of Hipparcos doubles

9,473

15

2000A&A...356..141F

 

 

Legacy archive (Cos-B): 

ESA's satellite Cos-B carried a single large experiment, the Gamma-Ray Telescope, which was the responsibility of a group of European research laboratories know as the Caravane Collaboration. Launched on the 9 August 1975, Cos-B was originally projected to last two years, but it operated successfully for 6 years and 8 months. It provided the first complete map of the Galaxy in gamma-rays, and a catalogue of gamma-ray sources, known as the 2CG catalogue.

The Cos-B payload was conformed by two elements: 

  • Magnetic-core, wire-matrix, spark chamber gamma-ray detector (~30 MeV-5 GeV), eff. area 50 cm2 at 400 MeV

  • a 2-12 keV proportional scintillation counter mounted on the side of the gamma-ray detector

The main scientific results produced by Cos-B were

  • Extragalactic Gamma Rays

  • Resolved Galactic Sources

  • Gamma-Ray Pulsars

  • Binary Systems

  • Large Scale Galactic Emission

  • Localised Gamma-Ray Sources

 

Operations and Performance:

The satellite was operated in a pointing mode with its spin axis directed towards fixed points in the sky for periods of four to five weeks early in the mission and up to 3 months in later observations. In total 64 observations (or pointings) were made. A broad band along the galactic equator was studied deeply, by means of repeated or overlapped observations. About 50% of the celestial sphere was covered and about one quarter of the time was devoted to observations at higher galactic latitudes, especially regions expected to contain extragalactic sources. The experiment operated for about 25 hours in each 37-hour orbit.

Comparison of data from overlapping observation periods enabled the long-term sensitivity changes of Cos-B to be estimated. Until three years into the mission, the sensitivity was virtually stable, but a slow fall-off developed. From this monitoring, curves such as the empirical correction factors have been derived. However the level of the background component improved with time. This background was due largely to interactions of cosmic rays with the massive parts of the experiment and surrounding spacecraft subsystems. This was reduced significantly by the increasing modulation of the cosmic rays with the approach of the solar maximum. This effect served to counter-balance the reduction in detector sensitivity.

Data Products and Software:

Hitherto, the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive at HEASARC was the only facility hosting the Cos-B data products in its Observatories (Past missions) archive. It served raw data (.evt), image (.gif) and exposure maps (.fits) from the gamma-ray detector, and the analysis package FADMAP, alongside with the calibration data. These data have been repatriated to the ESA Legacy Archive in 2021 and are accessible via the ESASky legacy TAP query.

High level Products: The Cos-B data products consist of maps obtained from the 65 Cos-B observations made during the entire mission. There are 4 sets of maps per observation, extracted over different energy ranges. The energy ranges are as follows: "low" (70-150 MeV), "medium" (150-300 MeV), "high" (300-5000 MeV), and "full" (50-7800 MeV). Each set includes three maps: a "counts" map, an "exposure" map, and a "flux" map. The "flux" map was obtained by dividing the "counts" map for the "exposure" maps. Each observation, therefore, has 12 associated maps. These maps are provided in FITS and GIF format.

The Cos-B data products were created using the program FADMAP (see Software). Each of the FITS maps are 120 x 120 pixels with 0.5 degrees per pixel. Header keywords record the parameter values used in fadmap (see below) to create the maps. The FITS images may be displayed using any standard package which accepts FITS images.

The COSBMAP table is a log of the 63 x 6 available high level product files per energy range, rendering a total of 1,512 files available.

The file image column corresponds to the name of the events file in the archive associated with each observation. Files are of the form cb_hhmmVddP**t_b.xxx, where cb is the instrument (Cos-B), hhmm is the right ascension in degrees and minutes, V is N for positive declinations and S is for negative declination, dd is the declination in degrees, P is for 'Pointed' observations '**' is the original observation number, from 00 to 64, t is the datafile 'type' (b for 'background', s for 'source'), b is the 'band' (l for 'low', m for 'medium', h for 'high', and t for 'total') and xxx is the FITS file 'type' (img for 'image', exp for 'exposure', flux for 'modified flux map' or gif for 'graphical image format'). There will be one GIF image for the source image, exposure map and flux map. These GIFs will have the form cb_hhmmVddP**t_b_X.gif, where all the values are the same as for the ordinary FITS maps, but the value 'X' will distinguish which file is represented in the GIF. 'X' will be 'i' (for image), 'e' (for exposure) and 'f' (for flux). An example filename would be cb_1721s44p24s_l_i.gif. This file is a Cos-B point centered on RA=17h21m, DEC=-44, the original Cos-B point number 24, source image file in the 'low' energy band, in GIF format.

The * .img *.exp and *.flux maps associated to the cb_0109s74p15.evt and cb_1841n80p35.evt events were not generated because the original code only allows to build maps with declination between -65 deg to 65 deg. These two files are at -74 and +80, respectively.

Raw data: The final reduction of the Cos-B data, released by ESA in 1985, consisted of three basic datasets: `OBSLI`, describing each observation period (typically one month), `OURLI`, describing each uninterrupted observation interval (lasting between 10 minutes and 10 hours), and `GAMLI`, containing records for each accepted gamma-ray photon. These three data sets were combined into FITS format with an event layout at the HEASARC.

Each event file contains three extensions: good time interval (EXTNAME = 'ALLGTI'), event (EXTNAME = 'EVENTS'), and housekeeping (EXTNAME = 'TSI'). The ALLGTI and TSI extensions contain the information stored in the `OURLI` and `OBSLI` datasets. The EVENTS extension contains data from the `GAMLI` dataset. There are, in total, 65 files, one for each `OBSLI` observation. Photon positions (RA and DEC) were converted to pixels within a 512 X 512 pixel pseudo-image array. Each pixel is 0.1 degrees so the image is 51.2 X 51.2 degrees.

The program fadmap can be used on the raw data files to generate maps with different parameter setups or different time selections from those used for the high level products.

The COSBRAW  table is a log of the 65 Cos-B observation intervals and contains target names, sky coordinates start times and other information taken from the final Cos-B database produced by ESA in 1985. This final database consisted of three basic datasets: `OBSLI`, a dataset describing each observation period, typically a month; `OURLI`, a dataset describing each uninterrupted observation interval, lasting between 10 minutes and 10 hours; and `GAMLI`, a dataset containing records for each accepted gamma-ray photon. These three data sets were combined into FITS format images at NASA/GSFC. The images were formed by making the center pixel of a 1024 x 1024 pixel image correspond to the RA and DEC given in the `OBSLI` file. Each photon's RA and DEC was converted to a relative pixel in the image. This was done by using Aitoff projections. All the raw data from these three Cos-B files are now stored in 65 FITS files accessible with BROWSE software in the database COSBRAW. The images can be accessed and plotted using XIMAGE and other columns of the FITS file extensions can be plotted with the FTOOL FPLOT.

The Cos-B event files naming convention is cb_hhmmVddP**.evt where  hhmm is the right ascension in degrees and minutes, V is N for positive declinations and S is for negative declination, dd is the declination in degrees, P is for 'Pointed' observations '**' is the original observation number, from 00 to 64. (e.g CB2251S18P41.evt was the 42nd observation, and the source coordinates are RA 2251 DEC -18).